Entre o rural e o carvão: As representações sociais em Candiota, RS
Keywords:
Carvão mineral, representações sociais, rural, Candiota/RSAbstract
Atualmente no Brasil o setor energético é considerado estratégico nos programas nacionais de erradicação da pobreza. O carvão mineral participa com 27% na matriz energética mundial. No Brasil, representa pouco mais de 5% na matriz energética e com 1,3% na geração de energia elétrica. No município de Candiota/RS, tem-se a maior jazida de carvão mineral explorável a céu aberto do Brasil. A usina termelétrica de Candiota e a mina de carvão são as principais atividades econômicas e empregadoras do município. A produção rural do município se concentra na agropecuária que tem perdido adeptos devido ao êxodo rural provocado, dentre outras causas, pela influência das atividades carboníferas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar entre diferentes atores sociais quais as representações sociais da exploração do carvão mineral e como essas representações interagem com a idéia de desenvolvimento, meio ambiente e a produção agropecuária. Para tal utilizou-se o arcabouço teórico-metodológico das representações sociais de Serge Moscovici. Quarenta e seis entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas em 6 grupos, assim como a observação participante, de janeiro a março de 2012. Os resultados parciais têm apontado o crescimento econômico como representação central, e como representações periféricas, o emprego, qualidade de vida, "razão de existência" do município, energia, empecilho ao desenvolvimento e atraso. Quanto às dimensões de Moscovici, a informação se dispersa através da comunicação midiática, jornal local, rádio, internet, televisão com programação local, revistas e conversas no dia-a-dia. Quanto à atitude, 28% são contrários à exploração do carvão, 54% são favoráveis e 17% não possuem um posicionamento.
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