MEIO AMBIENTE E SAÚDE: INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE DE VIDA E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO
Keywords:
desenvolvimento humano, qualidade de vida, meio ambiente, saúde.Abstract
Considerando a história da preocupação das sociedades com o desenvolvimento, percebemos o privilégio dado às questões econômicas nas tentativas de mensuração desse processo. Desenvolvimento foi compreendido, por longas décadas, como sinônimo de desenvolvimento econômico. Já na década de 1990 é que as dimensões sociais passam a tomar forma nos índices de mensuração do desenvolvimento, com a proposição do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), associando esperança de vida e mortalidade infantil aos cálculos de renda per capita. Nas reflexões que seguem, abordamos o contexto de proposição de alguns índices de desenvolvimento, suas possibilidades e limitações, especialmente no que se refere às questões de saúde e qualidade de vida das populações. O estudo de tais indicadores é de fundamental importância para compreender “de que desenvolvimento se fala”, quando diferentes interlocutores fazem uso de números para justificar uma ação ou adoção de determinadas políticas. Por fim, refletimos sobre as conexões entre qualidade de vida e saúde, na perspectiva de ressaltar a larga abrangência dessas, para além do assistencialismo nos serviços de saúde loco regionais.
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