Projetos Brasileiros de Aterro Sanitário no Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo: uma análise dos indicadores de sustentabilidade
Keywords:
Sustentabilidade, Protocolo de Quioto, Aterro SanitárioAbstract
Discussões relacionadas ao aquecimento global desencadearam, entre outras iniciativas, o Protocolo de Quioto cuja participação brasileira se dá por meio dos projetos MDL (Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os projetos brasileiros de aterro sanitário, poderiam ser caracterizados como sustentáveis na divulgação de seus dados, analisando os indicadores ambientais, sociais e econômicos neles previstos. O estudo é dito descritivo qualitativo sendo o método de procedimento a análise de conteúdo clássica. Partiu-se pelo levantamento de indicadores nacionais e internacionais que atendiam ao tripé de sustentabilidade proposto por Elkington (1997), obtendo-se a combinação entre Dashboard of Sustainability e Indicadores de Sustentabilidade do IBGE. Ao confrontarem-se os dados dos projetos com as categorias selecionadas não foi possivel comprovar a sustentabilidade. Uma segunda apreciação ponderou os critérios descritos na Resolução n.1 de 11 set. 2003 da Comissão Interministerial de Mudança Global do Clima, quanto à contribuição dos projetos para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Mesmo com a crítica adicional não se consegue comprovar a sustentabilidade. Chega-se à consideração de que a abordagem econômica prevalece em detrimento das abordagens ambiental e social, ficando claro que os projetos só existem por causa de suas respectivas viabilidades econômicas.
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